Red hair is not a serious detriment to survival it could simply be that it persists as a part of a biochemical pathway that isn't easily blocked, or that it's disadvantages aren't great enough to have led to its removal over time. I can give you a couple of hypothetical reasons, though.ĭon't assume that because a trait is deleterious it must be culled by natural selection. You see the problem: WHY DO GINGERS EVEN EXIST? It just seems to be a bad thing all around. More pheomelanic birds are also more sensitive to environmental stress - they're more fragile.
Just to add further insult, studies in birds have found evidence of a physiological trade-off: increased pheomelanogenesis (that is, birds with more red plumage) is correlated with reduced brain size. If cysteine incorporated into the pheomelanogenesis pathway comes from an excess pool, then pheomelanogenesis could represent an excretory mechanism of cysteine and an adaptive process that may explain the evolution of pheomelanin. Cysteine also reacts with dopaquinone thus participat- ing in the synthesis of pheomelanin that takes place in melanosomes. In birds, excess dietary amino acids are also diverted to the synthesis of uric acid, the main product of excretion in birds. This excess, which can be toxic, is partly eliminated by cysteine sulfoxidation, a process mainly catalyzed by cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) in which less toxic products than cysteine such as sulfate and taurine are formed. When the levels of cysteine are higher than required for these functions, especially for protein synthesis, excess cysteine occurs. It is also used for the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), which is the main storage of cysteine and thus also acts as a source of cysteine. This amino acid is used for protein synthesis, and can be recovered by protein breakdown. So making red hair actually depletes the body of a protective substance, and has the side-effect of producing carcinogens.Ĭhart showing the physiological activity of dietary cysteine.
It's also synthesized biochemically by a process that consumes glutathione (GSH), an important cellular anti-oxidant. In fact, pheomelanin is prone to photodamage (exposure to light causes it to break down) that produces carcinogenic byproducts.
Ginger brave cursed face full#
Red hair is stuffed full of pheomelanin rather than eumelanin.īut here's the thing: pheomelanin is a lousy barrier to UV. We all make it to varying degrees - nipples and lips get their reddish color from it - but some people make it in much larger quantities than they do eumelanin. If you're dark-haired, it's because the keratinocytes are stuffed full of eumelanin, which is also an excellent barrier to UV damage. We vertebrates produce primarily two forms of melanin, eumelanin and pheomelanin.Įumelanin is a dark pigment cells loaded up with it look black or dark gray. Pigmentation is produced by the deposition of a complex light absorptive polymer called melanin in cells. Please check out our shipping rates and shipping times on our shipping policy page.The biochemical cause of these differences are known. The games story takes place with a group of cookies creating their own kingdom, going on adventures to explore other kingdoms, and unraveling the mysteries of the Ancient Heroes who disappeared from the world.Ĭurious how Youtooz figures are made? Learn more about our process. The game features both real-time battle strategy and city-building gameplay with a cast of unique cookies for the players to pull for and collect as well as a customizable kingdom. Cookie Run: Kingdom AugAbout Cookie Run KingdomĬookie Run Kingdom is the 8th game developed by Devsisters in the Cookie Run series. This collectible ships in a matte, embossed, protective outer sleeve and a custom sized plastic protector for maximum protection during shipping. The interior is a red background with glitter and sparkles floating around. The exterior of his double-walled packaging shows the inside of the witch's kitchen with the oven lighting up.
He is accessorized with two white skull buttons going down his chest. He is posed with his right hand sitting on his hip and his left hand confidently holds up a red and white candy cane. Standing at 4 inches, the bravest cookie in all of the kingdom makes his grand entrance to Youtooz! GingerBrave has a huge smile radiating from his face, excited for whatever his next adventure will be.
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